|
|
Cytokine networks and their impact on the immune profile of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients
Ptáček, Antonín ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Fišer, Karel (referee)
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant hematological disorder characterized by aberrant expansion of blasts in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The immune system protects the body from leukemia by eliminating transformed cells. However, in AML, the abilities of immune cells are affected both by direct contact between leukemic cells and effector cells, as well as by cytokines, metabolites and other soluble proteins that, together with the cells, form the specific AML microenvironment. The effects of cytokines and other soluble molecules in the AML microenvironment are not sufficiently described yet. This thesis aimed to optimize and implement a multiparametric flow cytometry panel for the measurement of cell populations and to implement multiparametric assays for the analysis of cytokine levels, chemokines and other soluble proteins in plasma. The following goal was to use these methods to characterize the frequency and functional phenotype of cell populations and the levels of the soluble proteins and to describe their influence on disease severity and overall survival of the patients. We also tried to find novel biomarkers of the immune escape of leukemic cells. In patients, we observed a suppressive microenvironment with aberrant levels of soluble receptors and other proteins. This...
|
|
|
Cytokines and chemokines, their role in the infections with helminths.
Majer, Martin ; Panská, Lucie (advisor) ; Leštinová, Tereza (referee)
Parasitic helminths belong to extracellular pathogens of mammals, including human. Immunologic response depends on their migration and site of dwelling within host body. The response is among other affected by cytokines and chemokines. These small proteins are responsible for appropriate proliferation and migration of other components of immune system. These bachelor thesis summarizes current knowledge about their role during helminth infection in mammals.
|
|
|
Modulation of human macrophages and renal epitelium chemokine profile
Pidhorodetská, Halyna ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
One of the main effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines is the induction of chemokines and the expression of adhesive molecules that regulate the migration of immune cells to the center of the damage. Chemoattractant gradient also provides a physiological delivery of cells to tissues and lymphatic organs under normal circumstances. Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that form a very large and diverse group of secreted proteins that have many functions both in processes that maintain homeostasis but also in inflammatory states. Production of some chemokines also has a major effect on graft rejection. Further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the acute rejection chemokine could contribute to improving treatment steps in transplantology. In this diploma thesis, serum chemokine levels were monitored in renal transplant patients, but these measurements did not show significant dynamics. Furthermore, the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the release of chemokines from renal epithelial cells and monocytes was studied. Experiments were performed to monitor the levels of individual chemokines such as ENA-78, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1 β, RANTES, GRO alpha, THP-1 (monocyte/macrophage cell line), RPTEC (renal epithelial cells of proximal tubules) and RA (renal cell tumor lines). TNF-α (tumor necrosis...
|
|
|
The role of nociceptive synaptic transmission modulation
Tyshkevich, Alexandra ; Paleček, Jiří (advisor) ; Hejnová, Lucie (referee)
Chronic pain phenomenon is an important problem in modern medicine. Occurring of this phenomenon is tightly connected with nociceptive transmission and modulation of nociceptive signal on the spinal cord level. Under the pathological conditions such as injury or inflammation this modulation is affected by different types of endogenous molecules with pain enhancing attributes. Important group of these molecules are chemokines, immune system substances, also responsible for immune cells recruitments. However, in pathological states chemokines show ability to modulate nociceptive signal and induce chronic pain. CCL2, in particular, has a significant role in modulation of these processes in the spinal cord. Investigation of the mechanisms by which CCL2 influences the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion may be an important part for preventing the development of chronic pain. Key words: nociception, pain, spinal cord, chemokines, CCL2
|
|
|
Chemokines in kidney transplantation and their production by human macrophages and renal epithelial cells.
Pidhorodetská, Halyna ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
One of the main effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines is the induction of chemokines and the expression of adhesive molecules that regulate the migration of immune cells to the center of the damage. Chemoattractant gradient also provides a physiological delivery of cells to tissues and lymphatic organs under normal circumstances. Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that form a very large and diverse group of secreted proteins that have many functions both in processes that maintain homeostasis but also in inflammatory states. Production of some chemokines also has a major effect on graft rejection. Further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the acute rejection chemokine could contribute to improving treatment steps in transplantology. In this diploma thesis, serum chemokine levels were monitored in renal transplant patients, but these measurements did not show significant dynamics. Furthermore, the effect of pro- inflammatory cytokines on the release of chemokines from renal epithelial cells and monocytes was studied. Experiments were performed to monitor the levels of individual chemokines such as ENA-78, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1β, RANTES, GRO-α, THP-1 (monocyte/macrophage cell line), RPTEC (renal epithelial cells of proximal tubules) and RA (renal cell tumor lines). TNF-α had an effect on the...
|
|
|
Modulation of human macrophages and renal epitelium chemokine profile
Pidhorodetská, Halyna ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
One of the main effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines is the induction of chemokines and the expression of adhesive molecules that regulate the migration of immune cells to the center of the damage. Chemoattractant gradient also provides a physiological delivery of cells to tissues and lymphatic organs under normal circumstances. Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that form a very large and diverse group of secreted proteins that have many functions both in processes that maintain homeostasis but also in inflammatory states. Production of some chemokines also has a major effect on graft rejection. Further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the acute rejection chemokine could contribute to improving treatment steps in transplantology. In this diploma thesis, serum chemokine levels were monitored in renal transplant patients, but these measurements did not show significant dynamics. Furthermore, the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the release of chemokines from renal epithelial cells and monocytes was studied. Experiments were performed to monitor the levels of individual chemokines such as ENA-78, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1 β, RANTES, GRO alpha, THP-1 (monocyte/macrophage cell line), RPTEC (renal epithelial cells of proximal tubules) and RA (renal cell tumor lines). TNF-α (tumor necrosis...
|
|
|
Link between inflammation and cancer
Schierl, Jaroslav ; Poljaková, Jitka (advisor) ; Miarková, Eva (referee)
Chronic inflammation caused by many initiators can lead to a development of a tumor disease. Among these initiators, we found chronic infections as well as other biological, chemical or physical factors which have endogenous and exogenous origins as for example tobacco smoke, alcohol, radiation, obesity and others. The inflammatory response is orchestrated by immune system cells which contribute to a tumorigenesis by producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species which harm cell structures, and by releasing cytokines - important mediators of inflammation - which increase cell proliferation and angiogenesis. But apart from higher risk of tumourigenesis due to chronic inflammation, the immune system cells also participate in tumor microenvironment formation. The main contributors are tumor associated macrophages, dendritic cells and T-cells. Besides other things, the complex tumor microenvironment is characterized by the presence of many inflammation mediators which assist in malignant cell proliferation, tumour progression and metastasis and angiogenesis. This bachelor thesis describes the key protumor and antitumor factors which are also involved in the inflammation process. These factors include proinflammatory cytokines, enzymes and transcription factors. The transcription factor NF-κB plays an...
|
|
|
Cytokines and chemokines, their role in the infections with helminths.
Majer, Martin ; Panská, Lucie (advisor) ; Leštinová, Tereza (referee)
Parasitic helminths belong to extracellular pathogens of mammals, including human. Immunologic response depends on their migration and site of dwelling within host body. The response is among other affected by cytokines and chemokines. These small proteins are responsible for appropriate proliferation and migration of other components of immune system. These bachelor thesis summarizes current knowledge about their role during helminth infection in mammals.
|
|
|
Chemokines of epithelial cells in bronchial asthma
Volfová, Dominika ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Holáň, Vladimír (referee)
Asthma is an allergic disease caused by adverse reactions to harmless antigens (allergens) and is characterized by the recruitment of eosinophils, Th2 lymphocytes, mast cells and neutrophils into the tissue site of inflammation, to the lungs. This accumulation of leukocytes is mediated by the generation of chemotactic cytokines (chemokines). Chemokines are low molecular weight proteins, functioning by binding to specific receptors on the cell surface. Binding of chemokines and their receptors is highly promiscuous and subsequent activation of effector cells is very heterogeneous, which can often complicate research in this area. However, chemokines and their receptors are important potential therapeutic targets in allergic diseases including asthma, mainly because of their central role in cell activation and inflammation. Chemokines are secreted by cells of the immune system and cells of various tissues of the body. Recently, attention turns to the role of epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of asthma. Bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by antigens produce cytokines and defense molecules used for the amplification of inflammatory processes and regulate the aktivity of effector cells. Impaired cytokine regulation may lead to the development of various lung diseases including asthma. This work...
|
guest ::
